babbitt



2 SheetsSheet 1;

(No Model.) 7

4 B. T..BABBITT.

APPARATUS FOR BOILING SOAP UNDER PRESSURE.

N0. 330,6;13. I Patented Nov. 17, 1885.

W nr'saasxfizz/272K01 2 sheets -sheet 2.

(No Model.)

B. T. BABBITT.

APPARATUS FOR BOILING SOAP UNDER PRESSURE.

Patented N0v.'1.'7, 1885 N. PETERS. PhnurLhhogrmphur, Wnhingioo. 0.0.

UNITED STATES PATENT @rricn.

BENJAMIN T. BABBITT, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

APPARATUS FOR BOILING SOAP UNDER PRESSURE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 330,663, dated November 17,1885.

Application filed April 22, 1885.

T (ZZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN T. BABBITT, of the city and county of New York, and State of New York, have invented anew and useful Improvement in Apparatus for Boiling Soap under Pressure, or for Extracting Glycerine, of which the following is a specification.

In my application for Letters Patent, Serial No. 163,008, filed April 22, 1885, is described an improvement in the art of making soap, which consists in placing the fatty matters, together with a sufiicient quantity of lye, in a closed vessel, in producing a pressure within the vessel, and in boiling the contents while confined under such pressure.

An important object of my invention is to provide an apparatus for effectively carrying out this process, and said apparatus may also be used in the manufacture or extraction of glycerine, and for making transparent soap.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a central vertical section of an apratus embodying my improvement, and Fig. 2 is a horizontal section thereof on the plane of the dotted line 00 00, Fig. 1.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in both figures.

The body of the vessel is of cylindric form, and is represented as consisting of two coucentric shells, AA, of sheet metal,forming between them an annular space or jacket, A". The upper and lower heads, A A, are here represented as bulged outward, or convexed, and are secured, by riveting or otherwise, to the ends of the cylindric body A A. Arranged concentrically within the vessel is a cylinder, B, smaller in diameter than the vessel, and open at its upper and lower ends. This cylinder is properly supported in relation to the vessel by radial stays or braces 0, connecting it with the inner wall of the cylindric body A. Arranged concentrically within the cylinder B and the vessel is ashaft,D,passing through a stuffing-loox, a, at the top of the vessel, and supported in a step-bearing, b, at the bottom thereof, and upon this shaft is a worm or screw, D, which is of a diameter to fit snugly within the cylinder B. This worm .or screw may be secured in any suitable manner to the shaft D. As here shown, it consists of short sections, each comprising a sleeve Serial No. 163,009. (No model.)

portion or hub, d, and a blade portion, d. These sections may be conveniently made of cast metal, and when placed one above an- E, fixed to its upper end by a counter-shaft,

E, and a bevel-pinion, E*, gearing with the wheel E. The counter-shaft is supported in bearings e, and is to be rotated by a drivingbelt passing around fast and loose pulleys E E, which are provided thereon.

In the upper head of the apparatus are placed one or more inlet valves or gates, F, through which materials may be introduced into the vessel, and from the lower head thereof extends an outlet-pipe, H, in which is a valve or gate, h.

In the lower part of the vessel is arranged an annular pipe, G, in which are numerous holes, and with which is connected a supplypipe, G, provided with a valve, 9. By the supply-pipe G steam is introduced into the annular pipe G, and by the latter isdistributed through the contents of the vessel. From the supply-pipe G a branch, G leads to the jacket or annular space A between the inner and outer walls of the vessel. In the pipe G is a valve, for controlling the passage of steam through the same.

In boiling soap under pressure a suitable amount of fatty matters, with a sufficient quantity of lye, is introduced through the inlet gates or openings F, and without any water other than that contained in the lye. Steam is then introduced through the pipes G G, for

the purpose of creating a pressure within the vessel, and of boiling the contents while confined under such pressure. No steam need be introduced into the jacket or annular space A during this operation.

By the rotation of the shaft D and the worm D in proper direction an upward circulation of the contents will be produced through the cylinder B and a downward circulation around the cylinder, and by such circulation of the contents the time necessary to sufficiently boil the soap is greatly diminished.

In boiling soap I now prefer to put it under about one hundred pounds pressure to the square inch within the vessel.

Although the jacket need not be supplied with steam during the boiling of soap, it is very desirable, as it strengthens the vessel, thereby making a stronger vessel with less weight, and also serves to diminish the loss of heat by outward radiation.

For making transparent soap by this apparatus, common soap is pared and thoroughly dried and put into the vessel with a proper quantity of alcohol. Heat is then supplied to boil the contents by introducing steam into the jacket; but in this operation no free steam is admitted into the vessel itself.

For making glycerine by means of thisapparatus, I introduce the proper quantity of tallow or fatty matter into the closed vessel, and then admit steam through the pipes G G to effect the separation of the glycerine from the fatty acids. For this purpose the steam may be either simple or superheated, and should have a temperature of about 450 Fahrenheit.

In employing this apparatus for the extraction of glycerine, I may take off the glycerine in suspension in the steam through a pipe, I, which is represented at the top of the appara tus, and then the steam and the glycerine which it contains in suspension are passed through a worm or coil for the purpose of condensing the steam and glycerine together, as is described in my application for Letters Patent, Serial N0. 138,529, filed July 23, 1.884;.

I am aware that it is not new to construct an apparatus for mixing soap and other materials with an outer cylinder or vessel,and-an inner cylinder open at the top and bottom,and containing a rotary screw, by the operation of which an upward circulation of the contents is produced in the inner cylinder and a downward circulation outside the inner cylinder and between it and the outer cylinder or vessel. I am also aware that it is not new in the art to arrange within an upright cylinder a shaft having spiral blades, constituting, in eifecha screw or stirrer, and to surround such shaft and blades with an annular coil of pipe through which steam is passed for'heating the contents.

I do not desire to include in my invention either of the forms of apparatus above described.

When there are employed within a cylinder or vessel an inner cylinder and a rotary screw or spiral stirrer which serves to lift the material therein, there is a constant movement of the contents downward along the wall of the outer cylinder or vessel. By the employment of a jacket around the outer vessel I greatly diminish the loss of heat by outward radiation, and in case steam be admitted to the jacket the downward circulation of the contents adjacent to the wall of the vessel greatly facilitates the heating of the contents of the vessel by the heat derived from the jacket. Vhen the steam is introduced into the contents of the vessel, as in boiling soap, the downward and upward circulation produced without and within theinner cylinder causes the contents of the vessel to be presented to the jets of steam issuing from the pipe in such manner as to greatly facilitate the boiling or heating of the contents of the vessel.

hat I claim as my invention,and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The combination, with an upright vessel having double walls and an interposed annular space or jacket, and provided at its top with an inlet for fatty matters, and at its bottom with an outlet, of an open-ended cylinder smaller in diameter than the vessel, and arranged within the same, a worm or screw extending through the cylinder and serving by its rotation to produce acirculation in reverse directions within and without the cylinder, and steam-pipes for heating thecontents of the vessel, substantially as herein described.

2. The combination, with a closed vessel provided with an inlet at the top and with an outlet at the bottom, of an open-ended cylinder smaller in diameter than the vessel,and arranged within the same, a worm or screw arranged within the cylinder and serving by its rotation to produce a circulation in reverse directions within and without the cylinder, and a steam-supply pipe and a perforated distributing-pipe arranged Within the vessel and serving to discharge free steam directly into the contents thereof for the purpose of heating the contents and producing apressure within the vessel, substantially as herein described.

B. T. BABBITT.

Witnesses:

EREDK. HAYNES, HENRY MCBRIDE.

IOCI 

